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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 100(1): 60-66, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528954

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Evaluate biomarkers capable of safely guiding Yellow fever vaccine (YFV) vaccination among individuals suspicious of hen's egg allergy, and identify factors associated with a higher risk for adverse events after immunization (AEAI). Methods Patients underwent skin prick test (SPT) for standardized allergens: whole egg, egg white, egg yolk; YFV (1:10 dilution; Biomanguinhos-Fiocruz), and intradermal test (IDT; YFV 0.02 mL, 1:100 dilution) and positive and negative controls. Serum levels of specific IgE (sIgE) for a whole egg, egg white, egg yolk, egg albumin, ovomucoid, lysozyme, and conalbumin (ImmunoCap®; ThermoFisher®) were obtained. Patients sensitized to YFV were submitted to YFV desensitization, and those negatives received YFV (0.5mL) and remained under surveillance for at least one hour. Results 103 patients were enrolled, 95% under 12 years old. 71% (81/103) of patients had reactions: 80% immediate, 11% mixed, and 9% delayed. There was an association between positive skin test results with YFV and the severity of the reaction (OR:7.64; 95%CI:1.61-36.32; p =0,011). Only the presence of sIgE to ovomucoid was associated with clinical symptoms (p =0,025). Thirty patients underwent the YFV desensitization protocol. Conclusion There is a relationship between the positivity of the egg's components and the severity of the clinical reaction. Furthermore, the relationship between the positivity of the tests with the YFV and egg's components may show a tendency to look at ovomucoid and conalbumin, but it is not a certainty. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these associations, and for now, the authors still recommend using the vaccine for testing when necessary.

2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 100(1): 93-99, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528958

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to study their associations with clinical data and severity. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of patients (6-17 years) with AD. Assessment of competencies and syndrome scale scores of behavioral problems was performed by applying the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL 6-18) and AD severity using the Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score. Results Of the 100 patients with AD, 56% were male, with a mean age of 11±3 years, and 43% had moderate/severe AD. Borderline or abnormal values were found in 75% of the patients for total social competence, 57% for internalization, 27% for externalization, and 18% for aggressive behavior. A higher prevalence of aggressive behavior (27.9% vs. 10.5%; p= 0.02) and sleep disorders (32.6% vs. 15.8%; p= 0.04) was observed in patients with moderate/severe AD than in those with mild AD. Children with current or previous use of immunosuppressants/immunobiological tests had a lower frequency of normal social competence (53% vs. 83%, p= 0.012). Regarding the critical questions, 8% responded affirmatively to suicidal ideation. Conclusion A high prevalence of behavioral problems was observed among children and adolescents with AD, with a predominance of internalizing profiles, mainly anxiety and depression. Children with moderate/severe AD have a higher prevalence of aggressive behaviors and sleep disorders. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary teams, including mental health professionals, in caring for patients with AD.

4.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(2): 136-142, 20230600. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509823

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas duas décadas as mudanças climáticas têm se intensificado, causado danos ao meio ambiente e aos indivíduos que nele habitam. Várias ações do ser humano têm contribuído para que cada vez mais essas mudanças climáticas sejam mais presentes e intensas. O aumento das desigualdades e vulnerabilidades sociais, o desmatamento, os incêndios florestais voluntários, a degradação do solo e a poluição ambiental aliados à variabilidade climática global da temperatura da água do mar podem potencialmente levar a eventos climáticos extremos, potencializando os efeitos negativos sobre a saúde. Neste trabalho é apresentado um resumo do relatório do Lancet Countdown South America, fruto da colaboração acadêmica multidisciplinar de instituições de ensino e agências sul-americanas de saúde de 12 países (Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Chile, Equador, Guiana, Paraguai, Peru, Uruguai, Venezuela e Suriname) publicado por Hartinger e cols. (2023). Este estudo é uma alerta, pois nele são publicados os resultados do levantamento sobre mudanças climáticas e seus efeitos sobre a saúde humana no continente sul-americano. Conhecê-las é o primeiro passo para que políticas de saúde pública sejam instituídas, e, preferencialmente, de modo preventivo.


Climate change has intensified in the last two decades, damaging the environment and those who inhabit it. Human activity has increased the prevalence and intensity of these changes. Increased social inequality and vulnerability, deforestation, intentional forest fires, soil degradation, and environmental pollution, when associated with sea temperature variability, can lead to extreme weather events, increasing negative health effects. This report summarizes Lancet Countdown South America (Hartinger et al. 2023), the result of multidisciplinary collaboration between education institutions and South American health agencies from 12 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela and Suriname. This should be considered a wake-up call because it contains the results of a climate change survey and its effects on human health in South America. Knowing these effects is the first step toward appropriate, preferably preventive, public health policies.


Subject(s)
Humans , South America
5.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(2): 171-180, 20230600. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509851

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O teste de provocação oral (TPO) com alimentos é o padrão ouro para avaliação diagnóstica e de aquisição de tolerância em pacientes com alergia alimentar (AA). Exige, no entanto, equipe especializada e local apropriado para execução, uma vez que reações alérgicas, incluindo anafilaxia, podem acontecer. Foi recém-incorporado como procedimento reconhecido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e pela Agência Nacional de Saúde, mas apenas no contexto da alergia ao leite de vaca para pacientes com até 24 meses de vida. Pouco se sabe sobre sua disponibilidade/execução no território brasileiro. Objetivos: Explorar o perfil de realização de TPO com alimentos em âmbito nacional, bem como as limitações para a sua não realização. Métodos: Inquérito virtual foi disponibilizado por e-mail aos 2.500 sócios cadastrados na Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia questionando sobre a prática de TPO, formação do profissional, limitações para sua não realização e possíveis soluções para sua execução. Resultados: Foram obtidas 290 respostas (11,6% dos associados), sendo a maioria deles proveniente da Região Sudeste (56,1%). Realizam TPO 54,5% (158/290) dos associados, 62% destes mais de 5 TPOs/mês, principalmente para leite e ovo. A execução de TPO na atualidade, majoritariamente na rede privada, esteve associada à prática do procedimento durante a especialização. Falta de recurso e ambiente apropriados são as maiores limitações para a não realização do TPO. Conclusões: Apesar do viés de seleção inerente à metodologia empregada do estudo, este inquérito pioneiro em território nacional tem importância por esclarecer e discutir a realização do TPO no âmbito do Brasil. Certamente este procedimento ainda é insuficientemente realizado no Brasil.


Background: Oral food challenge (OFC), the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy and determining tolerance levels, requires specialized staff and appropriate conditions since anaphylaxis may occur. In 2022, OFC was officially recognized in Brazilian public and private health systems, although only for milk allergy in children up to 24 months of age. Little is known about OFC practices in Brazil. Objectives: To explore OFC practices, barriers, and solutions among Brazilian allergists and immunologists. Methods: A survey was e-mailed to 2500 associates of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology regarding OFC practices, training experiences, barriers to this procedure, and workable solutions. Results: A total of 290 associates responded (11.6%), more than a half of whom (56.15) practiced in the southeast region: 158 (54.5%) reported performing OFC, of whom 62% performed > 5 procedures each month, mostly for cow milk and hen egg. OFCs were mostly performed in private practice and were associated with specialized training. Lack of an appropriate setting was seen as the main barrier to performing the procedure. Conclusions: Although this study's methodology involves intrinsic biases, this is the first exploration of OFC practice in Brazil. OFCs are still underperformed nationwide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(supl.1): S70-S80, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430720

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Through a literature review, make recommendations regarding immunizations in people living with Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) in Brazil, assess the possible impact on metabolic decompensations after immunization, and if this specific population may have an impaired immune response to vaccines. Source of data: The MeSH Terms vaccination OR vaccine OR immunization associated with the term inborn error of metabolism AND recommendation were used in combination with search databases. Only articles published after 1990, in the languages English, Spanish, French or Portuguese, human-related were included. Synthesis of data: A total of 44 articles were included to make the following recommendations. Individuals with IEMs need to be up to date with their immunizations. Regarding which vaccines should be offered, children and adults should follow the routine immunization schedules locally available, including the COVID-19 vaccines. The only exception is the rotavirus vaccine for hereditary fructose intolerance. The benefit of immunization outweighs the very low risk of metabolic decompensation. Since not all patients will have an adequate immune response, measuring antibody conversion and titers is recommended Conclusions: All patients should receive age-appropriate immunizations in their respective schedules without delays. The only situation when vaccination may be contraindicated is with oral rotavirus vaccine in hereditary fructose intolerance. Monitoring the levels of antibodies should be done to detect any immune dysfunction or the necessity for boosters. A personalized immunization schedule is ideal for patients with IEMs. The reference organizations could improve their recommendations to address all IEMs, not only some of them.

7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(supl.1): S22-S27, Mar.-Apr. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430721

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: Since the beginning of its use for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 1921, other uses of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) have been proposed, particularly in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Its beneficial impact on other infections, by nontuberculous mycobacteria, and by viruses, has been more often studied in recent years, especially after the introduction of the concept of trained immunity. The present study's objective was to review the possible indications of BCG and the immunological rationale for these indications. Data source: Non-systematic review carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, using the following search terms: "BCG" and "history", "efficacy", "use", "cancer", "trained immunity", "other infections", "autoimmune diseases". Data synthesis: There is epidemiological evidence that BCG can reduce overall child morbidity/mortality beyond what would be expected from TB control. BCG is able to promote cross-immunity with nontuberculous mycobacteria and other bacteria. BCG promotes in vitro changes that increase innate immune response to other infections, mainly viral ones, through mechanisms known as trained immunity. Effects on cancer, except bladder cancer, and on autoimmune and allergic diseases are debatable. Conclusions: Despite evidence obtained from in vitro studies, and some epidemiological and clinical evidence, more robust evidence of in vivo efficacy is still needed to justify the use of BCG in clinical practice, in addition to what is recommended by the National Immunization Program for TB prevention and bladder cancer treatment.

8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(2): e202202732, abr. 2023. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1418556

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La salud ambiental infantil es la rama de la pediatría que estudia la influencia del medioambiente en la salud y la enfermedad de los niños. Las exposiciones ambientales globales representan una seria amenaza para la salud, lo que justifica una mayor investigación y acción. Objetivo. Evaluar la salud ambiental de una muestra de niños que viven en áreas urbanas y rurales de la ciudad de Uruguaiana, Brasil. Población y métodos. Se incluyeron padres/tutores (n = 714) de niños atendidos en el Policlínico Infantil de la Ciudad de Uruguaiana de enero a octubre de 2021, que respondieron la anamnesis ambiental en pediatría (Sociedad Brasileña de Pediatría). Los datos obtenidos se analizaron según la residencia en zona urbana o rural, o el ingreso familiar. Resultados. Al comparar los habitantes de la zona urbana (n = 660) con los de la zona rural (n = 54), verificamos que entre los de la zona rural fue significativamente mayor la actividad con productos químicos (15 % vs. 32,7 %; p = 0,004), vivir cerca de plantación (7,5 % vs. 74,5 %; p <0,001) o con fuente de contaminación (4,8 % vs. 32,7 %; p <0,001), tener perro (62 % vs. 87,3 %; p <0,001), usar plaguicidas (0,6 % vs. 32,7 %; p <0,001) y exposición a contaminación química (2,6 % vs. 18,2 %; p <0,001). En el área urbana predominó la exposición al tránsito de vehículos cerca de la vivienda (85 % vs. 48,1 %; p <0,001), renta media inferior a 3 salarios mínimos (90 %) y baja escolaridad. Conclusión. Realizar la anamnesis ambiental es fundamental para la detección de amenazas ambientales presentes en los lugares donde los niños y adolescentes viven, aprenden, juegan y estudian.


Introduction. Children's environmental health studies the influence of the environment on health and disease in children. Global environmental exposures pose a serious threat to health, warranting further research and action. Objective. To assess the environmental health of a sample of children living in urban and rural areas in Uruguaiana, Brazil. Population and methods. We included parents/legal guardians (n = 714) of children seen at Policlinica Infantil de Uruguaiana between January and October 2021, who completed the environmental history- taking in pediatrics (Brazilian Society of Pediatrics). Collected data were analyzed based on place of residence (urban or rural) or household income. Results. The comparison between inhabitants of the urban area (n = 660) and the rural area (n = 54) established that, among those living in the rural area, activity with chemical substances (15% versus 32.7%; p = 0.004), living near a plantation (7.5% versus 74.5%; p < 0.001) or near a source of contamination (4.8% versus 32.7%; p < 0.001), having a dog (62% versus 87.3%; p < 0.001), using pesticides (0.6% versus 32.7%; p < 0.001), and exposure to chemical contamination (2.6% versus 18.2%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher. In the urban area, exposure to vehicle traffic near the house (85% versus 48.1%; p < 0.001), an average income below 3 minimum wages (90%), and a low level of education predominated. Conclusion. Environmental history-taking is critical for the detection of environmental threats present in the areas where children and adolescents live, learn, play, and study


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Rural Population , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Urban Population , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Dogs
9.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(1): 41-48, 20230300. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509603

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a associação entreo o uso dos cigarros eletrônicos e doenças pulmonares em adolescentes. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática na base de dados PubMed. Os termos Mesh incluídos na busca foram "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems" e "Lung Diseases" e sinônimos no título e abstract, com o filtro de idade "child: birth - 18 years", para buscar artigos relacionados ao uso de cigarros eletrônicos e doenças pulmonares em adolescentes. Os critérios de elegibilidade consistiram em: usuários adolescentes, exposição ao cigarro eletrônico e doença pulmonar como desfecho. Os artigos foram selecionados por uma revisão pareada de maneira independente, primeiramente com a leitura dos títulos e resumos, seguida da leitura integral dos artigos selecionados, os quais foram analisados pela ferramenta New Castle-Ottawa quanto sua qualidade, e receberam entre 5 e 7 estrelas. Os dados encontrados foram extraídos para a realização da metanálise. Inicialmente foram encontrados 61 artigos, sendo seis considerados elegíveis, todos transversais e com aplicação de questionários. Na metanálise foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o uso de cigarro eletrônico e exacerbação de asma (OR ajustado 1,44; IC 95% 1,17­1,76). Não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem a associação do cigarro eletrônico e outras doenças pulmonares, incluindo EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury), em adolescentes. Na metanálise foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre exacerbações de asma e uso de cigarros eletrônicos em adolescentes com asma crônica e nos previamente hígidos.


This study aims to investigate the association between electronic cigarette use and lung disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed. We used the MeSH terms "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems" and "Lung Diseases" as well as synonyms in the title and abstract, with the age filter "child: birth - 18 years" to search for articles related to electronic cigarette use and lung disease in adolescents. The eligibility criteria consisted of adolescent users and exposure to e-cigarettes that resulted in lung disease. The articles were selected by independent assessment, reading first the titles and abstracts, then the full text of the selected articles. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, and the included studies received between 5 and 7 stars. Finally, the data were extracted for meta-analysis. Initially, 61 articles were found and 6 were considered eligible, all of which were cross-sectional and applied questionnaires. The meta-analysis found a significant association between electronic cigarette use and asthma exacerbation (adjusted OR 1.44 95% CI 1.17 - 1.76). However, no studies evaluated the association with other lung diseases, including electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury in adolescents. The metaanalysis revealed a significant association between e-cigarette use and asthma exacerbation among adolescents with chronic asthma, as well as among their previously healthy peers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Medical Subject Headings
10.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(1): 78-88, 20230300. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509616

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A hipersensibilidade a fármacos é uma condição clínica debilitante, acompanhada de experiência emocional intensa e pode afetar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). A repercussão das reações de hipersensibilidade a drogas (RHD) na qualidade vida (QV) pode ser verificada pela utilização de questionário específico, o Drug Hypersensitivity Quality of Life Questionnaire (DrHy-Q), desenvolvido originalmente na língua italiana. O objetivo foi traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar a versão do DrHy-Q para a língua portuguesa (cultura brasileira, DrHy-Qb), verificando a consistência interna, validação de constructo e reprodutibilidade do DrHy-Qb, como instrumento específico de avaliação da QV nos pacientes brasileiros com hipersensibilidade a fármacos. Métodos: A adaptação do questionário consistiu na tradução e retrotradução realizadas de forma independente por três tradutores bilíngues, seguidas por pré-teste. A versão final, DrHy-Qb juntamente com o questionário de qualidade de vida resumido (SF-36), foi respondido por 84 pacientes (69% feminino, 40,3±15,2 anos) acompanhados em ambulatório especializado. Na análise fatorial, a validação de constructo foi realizada pelo cálculo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, de consistência interna pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, e da reprodutibilidade pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Resultados: A análise estatística evidenciou consistência interna (α = 0,936) e reprodutibilidade (r: 0,984; IC95% = 0,963-0,993; p < 0,001) excelentes. A correlação entre o DrHy-Qb e o SF-36 total foi negativa e moderada (r = -0,394; p < 0,01). Conclusões: O DrHy-Qb foi adequadamente traduzido, adaptado e validado para a cultura brasileira, podendo ser útil na avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com hipersensibilidade a fármacos.


Introduction: Drug hypersensitivity is a clinical condition that can impair health-related quality of life. Originally developed in Italian, the Drug Hypersensitivity Quality of Life Questionnaire (DrHy-Q) measures the impact of drug hypersensitivity on quality of life. The objective of this study was to translate, crossculturally adapt, and validate the DrHy-Q to Brazilian Portuguese (DrHy-Qb). To be successful, the DrHy-Qb must be internally consistent, maintain construct validity, and be reproducible as an assessment tool for quality of life in Brazilian patients with drug hypersensitivity. Methods: Translation and back-translation were performed by 3 bilingual translators, followed by a pretest and a final version. The final version, the DrHy-Qb, and the 36-Item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to 84 patients (69% female, 40.3±15.2 years) from a specialized outpatient clinic. Factorial analysis included Pearson's correlation coefficient to validate the construct, Cronbach's alpha to assess the internal consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient to determine reproducibility. Results: Statistical analysis showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.936) and reproducibility (r: 0.984; 95% CI: 0.963-0.993; p < 0.001). The correlation between the DrHy-Qb and the SF-36 was moderate and negative (r: -0.394; p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study showed that the DrHy-Qb was successfully translated, adapted, and validated into Brazilian Portuguese, and can be used to assess quality of life in patients with drug hypersensitivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(6): 597-603, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521163

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To develop, validate, and test the reproducibility of a new test capable of assessing functional performance in children and adolescents (PAY test: Performance Activity in Youth). Methods: participants without and with asthma were included in the development and validation phases, respectively. The PAY test includes five activities: transition from sitting to standing, walking 10 m, step climbing, shoulder extension and flexion, and star jumps. Participants underwent the Pediatric Glittre test (TGlittre-P test time), modified shuttle test (MST), and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Outcomes: PAY test and TGlittre-P test times, oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and distance walked in the MST. Results: 8 healthy volunteers, aged 12 (7 -15) years old were included in the development phase and 34 participants with asthma, aged 11 (7-14) years old, in the validation phase. The PAY test elicited greater physiological responses (VO2peak 33.5 ± 6.9 mL/kg) than the TGlittre-P (VO2peak: 27.4 ± 9.0 mL/kg), but lower than the MST (VO2peak: 48.9 ± 14.2 mL/kg) and CPET (VO2peak: 42.0 ± 8.8 mL/kg), p < .05. Moderate correlation between the PAY test time and the TGlittre-P time (r = 0.70, p < .001) and distance walked in the MST (r = -0.72, p < .001). The PAY test time was longer in participants with asthma than in healthy participants (3.1 [3.0 - 3.3] min vs. 2.3 [2.1 - 2.4 min]), p < .001.; and the test was reproducible (ICC 0.78, CI 95% 0.55-0.90, p < .001). Conclusions: The PAY test is a valid and reproducible tool for assessing functional performance in children and adolescents with asthma.

12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 49(6): e20230210, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528912

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Exposure to radon can impact human health. This is a nonsystematic review of articles written in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese published in the last decade (2013-2023), using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and SciELO. Search terms selected were radon, human health, respiratory diseases, children, and adults. After analyzing the titles and abstracts, the researchers initially identified 47 studies, which were subsequently reduced to 40 after excluding reviews, dissertations, theses, and case-control studies. The studies have shown that enclosed environments such as residences and workplaces have higher levels of radon than those outdoors. Moreover, radon is one of the leading causes of lung cancer, especially in nonsmokers. An association between exposure to radon and development of other lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, was also observed. It is crucial to increase public awareness and implement governmental control measures to reduce radon exposure. It is essential to quantify radon levels in all types of buildings and train professionals to conduct such measurements according to proven efficacy standards. Health care professionals should also be informed about this threat and receive adequate training to deal with the effects of radon on human health.


RESUMO A exposição ao radônio pode ter impacto na saúde humana. Esta é uma revisão não sistemática de artigos escritos em inglês, espanhol, francês ou português publicados na última década (2013-2023), utilizando bancos de dados como PubMed, Google Acadêmico, EMBASE e SciELO. Os termos de busca selecionados foram radônio, saúde humana, doenças respiratórias, crianças e adultos. Após a análise dos títulos e resumos, os pesquisadores inicialmente identificaram 47 estudos, que foram posteriormente reduzidos para 40 após a exclusão de revisões, dissertações, teses e estudos de caso-controle. Os estudos mostraram que ambientes fechados como residências e locais de trabalho apresentam maiores níveis de radônio do que ambientes externos. Além disso, o radônio é uma das principais causas de câncer de pulmão, especialmente em não fumates. Também foi observada associação entre exposição ao radônio e desenvolvimento de outras doenças pulmonares, como asma e DPOC. É crucial aumentar a conscientização do público e implementar medidas governamentais de controle para reduzir a exposição ao radônio. É fundamental quantificar os níveis de radônio em todos os tipos de edifícios e treinar profissionais para realizar essas medições segundo padrões de eficácia comprovada. Os profissionais de saúde também devem ser informados sobre essa ameaça e receber formação adequada para lidar com os efeitos do radônio na saúde humana.

13.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422843

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated factors in adolescents and in their parents/guardians. Methods: A cross-sectional study, applying a standardized and validated written questionnaire. Adolescents (13-14 years old; n=1,058) and their parents/guardians (mean age=42.1 years old; n=896) living in the city of Uruguaiana, southern Brazil, responded to the Global Asthma Network standard questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents was 28.0%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 21.3%, and severe forms of allergic rhinitis, 7.8%. In the adults, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 31.7%. Some associated factors with allergic rhinitis in adolescents include low physical exercise (OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.15-4.05), having only one older sibling (OR 1.94; 95CI 1.01-3.72) and daily meat consumption (OR 7.43; 95% CI 1.53-36.11). In contrast, consuming sugar (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.12-0.93) or olive oil (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.13-0 .81) once or twice a week, and eating vegetables daily (OR 0.39; 95%CI 0.15-0.99) were considered factors negatively associated. In adults, exposure to fungi at home (OR 5.25; 95%CI 1.01-27.22) and consumption of meat once or twice a week (OR 46.45; 95CI 2.12-1020.71) were factors associated with the medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, while low education (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.07-0.92) was found to be a factor negatively associated. Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents is high, as well as its medical diagnosis in adults living in Uruguaiana. Environmental factors, especially food habits, were associated with findings in both groups.


Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em adolescentes e em seus pais/responsáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário escrito padronizado e validado. Adolescentes (13-14 anos; n=1.058) e seus pais/responsáveis (média de idade=42,1 anos; n=896) residentes na cidade de Uruguaiana, Sul do Brasil, responderam aos questionários padrão da Global Asthma Network. Resultados: A prevalência de rinite alérgica em adolescentes foi de 28,0%, a de rinoconjuntivite alérgica foi de 21,3% e a de formas graves de rinite alérgica, de 7,8%. Nos adultos, a prevalência de rinite alérgica foi de 31,7%. Alguns fatores associados à rinite alérgica em adolescentes incluem fazer pouco exercício físico (odds ratio — OR 2,16; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,15-4,05), ter apenas um irmão mais velho (OR 1,94; IC95% 1,01-3,72) e consumir carne diariamente (OR 7,43; IC95% 1,53-36,11). Por outro lado, consumir açúcar (OR 0,34; IC5% 0,12-0,93) ou azeite de oliva (OR 0,33 IC95% 0,13-0,81) uma ou duas vezes por semana e comer vegetais diariamente (OR 0,39; IC95% 0,15-0,99) foram considerados fatores associados negativamente. Em adultos, a exposição a fungos no domicílio (OR 5,25; IC95% 1,01-27,22) e o consumo de carne uma ou duas vezes por semana (OR 46,45; IC95 2,12-1020,71) foram fatores associados ao diagnóstico médico de rinite alérgica, enquanto a baixa escolaridade (OR 0,25; IC95% 0,07-0,92) se mostrou como fator associado negativamente. Conclusões: A prevalência de rinite alérgica em adolescentes é alta, assim como seu diagnóstico médico em adultos residentes em Uruguaiana. Fatores ambientais, especialmente hábitos alimentares, foram associados aos achados em ambos os grupos.

15.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(4): 427-431, out.dez.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452521

ABSTRACT

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) abrange todos os níveis de atenção à saúde e garante acesso integral, universal e gratuito para toda a população brasileira. As transições demográfica e epidemiológica observadas nas últimas décadas trouxeram um cenário de maior prevalência das doenças imunoalérgicas. Nesse contexto, a implementação de políticas de saúde voltadas à assistência à saúde dessa população tornou-se um desafio. Com o objetivo de discutir a atenção à saúde dos pacientes com doenças alérgicas e imunológicas no Brasil, a Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia (ASBAI) realizou em 26 de agosto de 2022, na cidade de São Paulo, o Fórum sobre a Assistência a Pacientes com Doenças Imunoalérgicas no SUS. O evento foi estruturado no formato de painéis e contou com a participação de membros da ASBAI e representantes da gestão pública federal, do Ministério Público, de sociedade de pacientes e profissionais de saúde de diversos serviços com experiência em programas e projetos bem sucedidos na assistência a pacientes com doenças imunoalérgicas. Após a discussão, concluiu-se que ainda existem muitas necessidades não atendidas em relação à atenção à saúde da população com doenças alérgicas e imunológicas no Brasil. A ASBAI tem trabalhado no sentido de contribuir para organizar, implantar e manter a assistência a estes pacientes no âmbito do SUS.


The Brazilian Unified Health System covers all levels of health care and guarantees full, universal and free access for the entire population. The demographic and epidemiological transitions observed in recent decades have led to a higher prevalence of allergic diseases. In this context, implementing health policies to benefit these patients has become a challenge. To discuss health care for patients with allergic and immunological diseases in Brazil, the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI) held a forum in São Paulo on August 26, 2022 called "Treating Patients with Allergic Diseases in the Unified Health System". The event's panels included members of ASBAI, representatives of the federal government, the attorney general's office, patients, and health professionals from various services with experience in successful programs for patients with allergic diseases. It was concluded that there are still many unmet health care needs for Brazilians with allergic and immunological diseases. ASBAI is contributing to the organization, implementation, and maintenance of care for these patients within the scope of the Unified Health System.


Subject(s)
Humans , Societies, Medical
16.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(4): 432-467, out.dez.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452572

ABSTRACT

A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma doença cutânea inflamatória, crônica, comum, complexa e de etiologia multifatorial, que se manifesta clinicamente com prurido muitas vezes incapacitante, lesões recorrentes do tipo eczema, xerose e que pode evoluir para liquenificação. Embora o conhecimento sobre a sua fisiopatologia venham crescendo nos últimos anos, ainda as formas graves são frequentes e representam um desafio para o clínico. Para o presente guia realizou-se revisão não sistemática da literatura relacionada à DA grave refratária aos tratamentos habituais com o objetivo de elaborar um documento prático e que auxilie na compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na DA, assim como dos possíveis fatores de risco associados à sua apresentação. A integridade da barreira cutânea é um dos pontos fundamentais para a manutenção da homeostase da pele. Além dos cuidados gerais: evitação dos agentes desencadeantes e/ou irritantes, o uso de hidratantes, suporte emocional, entre outros, o uso de agentes anti-inflamatórios/imunossupressores de uso tópico e/ou sistêmico também foi revisado. A aquisição de novos agentes, os imunobiológicos e as pequenas moléculas, melhorou a terapêutica para os pacientes com formas graves de DA, sobretudo as refratárias aos tratamentos convencionais.


Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, common, and complex inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial etiology. It manifests clinically with often disabling pruritus, recurrent eczema-like lesions, and xerosis, and can progress to lichenification. Although understanding of the disease's pathophysiology has been growing in recent years, severe forms are still frequent and represent a challenge for clinicians. A non-systematic review of the literature on severe atopic dermatitis refractory to conventional treatment was conducted to develop the present guide, whose purpose is to help clarify the mechanisms involved in the disease and possible risk factors. The integrity of the skin barrier is fundamental for maintaining skin homeostasis. In addition to general care, patients should avoid triggering and/or irritating agents and moisturizers and seek emotional support, etc.; the use of topical and/or systemic anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agents was also reviewed. New agents, immunobiologicals, and small molecules have led to a broader range of therapies for patients with severe forms of the disease, especially cases refractory to conventional treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Societies, Medical , Immunoglobulin E , Cyclosporine , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Calcineurin Inhibitors , Antibodies, Monoclonal
17.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(4): 483-490, out.dez.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452590

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas tem se observado um aumento expressivo na prevalência de alergia alimentar (AA), com frequência estimada em adultos de 3% a 8%, sendo ainda mais relevante quando se avalia a AA autodeclarada (variação de 3% a 35%). Entretanto, são poucos os dados publicados sobre a prevalência de AA em idosos, e no Brasil tais dados são inexistentes. O objetivo principal deste protocolo de estudo é conhecer a prevalência de AA autodeclarada em idosos (≥ 60 anos) brasileiros. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal que utiliza questionário padronizado e validado para a língua portuguesa. Entre os vários aspectos investigados, serão avaliados quais alimentos e sintomas são os mais relacionados à AA nestes indivíduos. Os dados obtidos serão transcritos a planilha Excel para realização da análise estatística. A obtenção dessas informações permitirá compará-las às existentes, assim como estabelecer planos de abordagem destes pacientes.


In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of food allergies, reaching an estimated frequency of 3% to 8% in adults and even higher in self-reports (from 3% to 35%). However, published data on the prevalence of food allergies among older adults are scarce, and in Brazil they are non-existent. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported food allergy among older Brazilians (≥ 60 years). This cross-sectional epidemiological study protocol involves a questionnaire that was developed, standardized, and validated in Portuguese. The investigated aspects will include the foods and symptoms most commonly associated with food allergy in this population. The data will be input into an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. Obtaining this data will allow comparison of the results with previous data and help establish treatment plans for these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over
18.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(4): 511-518, out.dez.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509542

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A rinite alérgica (RA) tem prevalência elevada e é responsável por impacto significativo da qualidade de vida destes pacientes, refletindo-se negativamente no desempenho escolar, na vida social ou no trabalho. A associação de propionato de fluticasona e cloridrato de azelastina (PF-AZE) tem sido recomendada no tratamento de pacientes com rinite alérgica de difícil controle. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta ao tratamento com PF+AZE administrado a crianças e adolescentes com RA persistente moderada-grave (RAPMG) de difícil controle. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aberto não controlado prospectivo com intervenção terapêutica em que participaram adolescentes (n = 65) com RAPMG de difícil controle acompanhados em ambulatório especializado. Resultados: Houve melhora estatisticamente significante de todas as variáveis estudadas, o que mostrou melhor controle da rinite com a combinação PF+AZE. Utilizando-se a diferença mínima clinicamente importante como parâmetro de avaliação, 83% dos pacientes tiveram melhora da doença. Não houve relato de evento adverso grave, gosto amargo foi relatado por 38,5% dos pacientes e dois interromperam o esquema por evento adverso. Conclusão: A combinação PF+AZE foi bem tolerada, segura e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com RAPMG. Eventos adversos locais foram os mais comumente relatados.


Introduction: Allergic rhinitis has a high prevalence and is responsible for a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals, reflecting negatively on school performance, social life, and work. An association of fluticasone propionate and azelastine hydrochloride (PF+AZE) has been recommended for patients with difficult-to-control allergic rhinitis. Objective: To evaluate treatment response to PF+AZE in adolescents with difficult-to-control moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (MSPAR). Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled clinical trial for a therapeutic intervention in adolescents with difficult-to-control MSPAR treated at a specialized outpatient clinic. Results: There was significant improvement in all studied variables, showing better MSPAR control with PF+AZE. Using the clinically important minimum difference as an evaluation parameter, 83% of the patients improved. There were no reports of serious adverse events; a bitter taste was reported by 38.5% of patients, and 2 discontinued use due to an adverse event. Conclusion: PF+AZE was a well-tolerated, safe, and effective treatment for MSPAR. The most commonly reported adverse events were local.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Histamine Antagonists
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 85(4): 415-425, July-Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383818

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Allergic conjunctivitis is an increasingly frequent condition with a higher prevalence in children. It can be debilitating and is responsible for a great economic burden. These guidelines were developed on the basis of the medical literature (PubMed/Medline database) and the experience of an Expert Committee composed of members of the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology, the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology, the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, and the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology. Allergic conjunctivitis is considered to be controlled when the ocular symptoms are not uncomfortable or are present, at most, on 2 days a week; the visual analog scale score is below 5; and the degree of conjunctival hyperemia is graded 0 or 1 on the Efron scale. Allergic conjunctivitis should be classified as mild, moderate, severe, and vision-threatening for adequate treatment and monitoring of frequency. The present document is a guideline for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring pediatric allergic conjunctivitis considering the clinical and demographic aspects of allergic conditions in Brazil.


RESUMO A conjuntivite alérgica (CA) é uma condição frequente, debilitante e responsável por grande impacto econômico, proporcionalmente maior quando acomete crianças. Essas diretrizes foram desenvolvidas com base na literatura científica (PubMed/Medline) e na experiência de um Comitê de Especialistas composto por membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica, do Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria e da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia. A conjuntivite alérgica é considerada controlada quando os sintomas não são desconfortáveis ou estão presentes por dois dias na semana; o escore visual pela escala analógica é inferior a 5 e o grau de hiperemia conjuntival é de 0-1 pela escala de Efron. A conjuntivite alérgica deve ser classificada em leve, moderada, grave e com risco de perda visual para tratamento e frequência de monitoramento adequados. Esta diretriz orienta o diagnóstico, tratamento e monitoramento da conjuntivite alérgica pediátrica, considerando aspectos clínicos e demográficos das condições alérgicas no Brasil.

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